Changes in brain insulin metabolism and insulin resistance are associated with several CNS disorders such as Alzheimers disease (AD), depression [71,72,73], autism [74], schizophrenia [75], Huntingtons disease [76], Parkinsons disease (PD) [77], etc
What the Science Shows: Mechanism is intelligent regulation, not crude activation: eNOS/NO normalization (bidirectional, not simple stimulation) VEGFR2-mediated angiogenesis Antioxidant upregulation (HO-1, NQO-1, glutathione) EGR-1 tissue repair signaling 30-minute half-life explains clinical dosing: consistent signaling matters more than sustained levels
Everyone's talking about them, but the phrase can be misleading, especially as the market expands
Safe at recommended doses