It inhibits melanin production by converting the eumelanin pigment (responsible for the dark spots appearing on skin) into the pigment- pheomelanin which provides luminosity & clarity to the skin
In further embodiments, the tonicity agents are present in an amount as to provide a final osmolality of an otic formulation or composition of about 100 mOsm/kg to about 500 mOsm/kg, from about 200 mOsm/kg to about 400 mOsm/kg, from about 250 mOsm/kg to about 350 mOsm/kg or from about 280 mOsm/kg to about 320 mOsm/kg
Besides, it stimulated expression of early growth response 1 (egr-1) gene responsible for cytokine and growth factor generation and early extracellular matrix (collagen) formation (but also its repressor nerve growth factor 1-A binding protein-2 (nab2)) (44)
Lastly, our study did not assess other characteristics that may affect hemodynamics during septic shock, including pre-ICU fluid resuscitation, sedatives, blood products, albumin levels, empirical antibiotic therapy or source control adequacy, which may have introduced confounding bias