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3.2 Mitophagy mediated inflammation in fibrotic diseases Chronic inflammation is a key feature of fibrotic diseases, characterized by the activation of inflammasomes such as NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), inflammatory signaling pathways like nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B), and the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, along with the recruitment and polarization of immune cells

The toxic chemicals in cigarettes can overwhelm the liver's detoxification pathways, leading to an increased toxin load

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No illnesses have been reported