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As well, pre-diagnostic blood samples from ever-smokers who subsequently developed lung cancer were found, in a recent study, to have elevated levels of 4 proteins, cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) and the precursor form of surfactant protein B (Pro-SFTPB), suggesting this panel of biomarkers might be highly useful for smoking-induced lung cancer risk assessment 19

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