cyanide in cigarette smoke Chemicals Cigarettes and Tobacco: What's Burning? Mayo Clinic Q and A:

These indices relate, in turn, to the factors influencing smoking behaviour, including the stage of the smoking epidemic in the population under examination, to the relative success of tobacco control measures and to cultural and socioeconomic factors

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It is also crucial to acknowledge that Mendelian randomization studies have not consistently supported a causal relationship between smoking and HTN 11 , implying that the observational associations we and others report may be susceptible to residual confounding from unmeasured lifestyle factors

However, their real-world addictiveness depends heavily on how they are smoked and how frequently they are used