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Results Data were collected from 354,480 participants aged 18 years in England between November 2006 and April 2024

Based on the psychometric results of the adolescent reasons for quitting smoking scale questionnaire, the 55 questions questionnaire in the CFA section explained 55% of the variance and had acceptable construct validity

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and reductions in smoking-related birth/pregnancy complications and related health care costs for the children of these pregnancies during their first year of life. Adjusted for inflation, the projected 10-year cost savings were close to $200 million, according to MassDPH